源码看JAVA【三十一】AtomicReference

说明：AtomicReferenc：泛型原子操作，提供了原子操作的设置值操作，并没有自增自减等具有数值特性的方法，相对来说较为简单。仅提供了原子操作的通用方法。针对AtomicInteger为何不继承AtomicReference，因为底层针对特定的类型具有更高的性能。

1、声明与定义

     private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long valueOffset;

    static {
        try {
            valueOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (AtomicReference.class.getDeclaredField("value"));
        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }

    private volatile V value;

2、构造方法

     /**
     * Creates a new AtomicReference with the given initial value.
     *
     * @param initialValue the initial value
     */
    public AtomicReference(V initialValue) {
        value = initialValue;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new AtomicReference with null initial value.
     */
    public AtomicReference() {
    }

3、get/set

     /**
     * Gets the current value.
     *
     * @return the current value
     */
    public final V get() {
        return value;
    }

    /**
     * Sets to the given value.
     *
     * @param newValue the new value
     */
    public final void set(V newValue) {
        value = newValue;
    }

4、CAS操作

     /**
     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that
     * the actual value was not equal to the expected value.
     */
    public final boolean compareAndSet(V expect, V update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

    /**
     * Atomically sets the value to the given updated value
     * if the current value {@code ==} the expected value.
     *
     * <p><a href="package-summary.html#weakCompareAndSet">May fail
     * spuriously and does not provide ordering guarantees</a>, so is
     * only rarely an appropriate alternative to {@code compareAndSet}.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful
     */
    public final boolean weakCompareAndSet(V expect, V update) {
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapObject(this, valueOffset, expect, update);
    }

5、getAndSet

     /**
     * Atomically sets to the given value and returns the old value.
     *
     * @param newValue the new value
     * @return the previous value
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public final V getAndSet(V newValue) {
        return (V)unsafe.getAndSetObject(this, valueOffset, newValue);
    }